Here is my attempt to answer Alain’s question about how many successes and failures there were in going to mars. Not that I am simply doing yes/no here, but there were many partial successes and failures, so feel free to argue with me on my stats. Note that I also count lander and orbiters as different missions which may be unfair to the Soviets since they started that earlier (though if the failure occurs prior to the landing phase of the mission, I only count it as one.)
Success:Failure
Total: 16:25
USSR(and Russia): 4:17
USA: 11:6
JSA: 0:1
ESA: 1:1
Mars is cursed I tell you. Here are the details:
1960-65 Six Soviet Failures, One US Failure, one Success. (1:7, 0:6, 1:1)
Marsnik 1 – 10 October 1960 – Launch Failure
Marsnik 2 – 14 October 1960 – Launch Failure
Sputnik 22 – 24 October 1962 – Broke up in orbit, causing US to think that the USSR had launched a preemptive strike, almost starting WWIII.
Mars 1 – 1 November 1962 – (First USSR flyby) Contact prior to flyby.
Sputnik 24 – 4 November 1962 – destroyed while leaving earth orbit.
Mariner 3 – 5 November 1964 – (First US Mars Flyby) Failed to record data
Mariner 4 – 28 November 1964 – (First success) Mars Flyby
Zond 2 – 30 November 1964 – Contact lost prior to flyby.
1965 Nasa’s Mariner 4 flies past Mars after Mariner 3 fails. Sends home 22 images.
1969-72 5 Soviet failures, 2 success, one US failure, 3 successes (5:6, 2:5, 3:1
Mariner 6 – 25 February 1969 – Mars Flyby
Mariner 7 – 27 March 1969 – Mars Flyby
Mars 1969A – 27 March 1969 – Launch Failure
Mars 1969B – 2 April 1969 – Launch Failure
Mariner 8 – 8 May 1971 – Launch Failure
Cosmos 419 – 10 May 1971 – Failed to leave earth orbit
Mars 2 – 19 May 1971 – (First object on mars, First orbiter) Mars Orbit/ Lander crashed
Mars 3 – 28 May 1971 – (First landing) Mars Orbiter/ Lander lost communication after 20 seconds on surface.
Mariner 9 – 30 May 1971 – (First US Orbiter) Mars Orbiter
1969 Mariner 6 and 7 fly by Mars, returning 100-plus pictures and analyzing atmosphere and surface.
1971 Soviet Mars 2 and 3 return 60 pictures of mars. Mariner 9 returns 7329 images resulting in the first complete map of mars.
1973-76 (5:3, 1:3, 4:0)
Mars 4 – 21 July 1973 – Failed to attain mars orbit.
Mars 5 – 25 July 1973 – Mars Orbiter
Mars 6 – 5 August 1973 – Contact lost upon landing.
Mars 7 – 9 August 1973 – Lander missed the planet.
Viking 1 – 20 August 1975 – (First successful lander) Mars Orbiter and Lander
Viking 2 – 9 September 1975 – Mars Orbiter and Lander
1976 The viking lander/orbiter probes provide our most complete picture of Mars to date.
1980’s (1:2, 1:2, 0:0)
Phobos 1 – 7 July 1988 – Lost communications prior to orbit insertion.
Phobos 2 – 12 July 1988 – Obrit achieved Phobos lander fails.
1990’s (2:6, 0:1, 2:4, 0:1)
Mars Observer – 25 September 1992 – Contact lost before attaining orbit
Mars Global Surveyor – 07 November 1996 – Mars Orbiter
Mars 96 – 16 November 1996 – Failed to leave earth orbit.
Mars Pathfinder – 04 December 1996 – (First rover) Mars Lander and Rover
Nozomi – 3 July 1998 – (First Japanese probe) failed to enter mars orbit
Mars Climate Orbiter – 11 December 1998 – Failed to enter mars orbit
Mars Polar Lander – 3 January 1999 – communication lost before landing
Deep Space 2 (DS2) – 3 January 1999 – contact lost at mars
1997 Mars Global Surveyor so far, has collected 120,000 images and, in 2000, found evidence of water existing on the surface much more recently than previously thought. Nasa’s Mars Pathfinder rover lands and sends back 20,000 images. All other missions in the 90s were failures.
2000’s (2:1, 0:0, 1:0, 1:1)
Mars Odyssey – 7 April 2001 – Mars Orbiter
Mars Express – 2 June 2003 – (first ESA probe) Mars Orbiter/ lost contact with lander.
And that is all that has been decided. Where will the hammer fall next? You decide:
En route:
Spirit (MER-A) – 10 June 2003 – Mars Rover Landing Jan. 2004.
Opportunity (MER-B) – 7 July 2003 – Mars Rover Landing Jan. 2004.
Future:
Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter – 10 August 2005 – Mars Orbiter
Phoenix – Late 2007 – Small Mars Scout Lander
Netlanders – Late 2007 – Mars Netlanders
Mars 2009 – Late 2009 – Mars Science Laboratory Rover
Mars 2011 – 2011 – Scout Mission
For more complete info see the mars exploration timeline, which has this same list, with links to the details on each mission.